What form of market structure best describes the supermarket chain in Essay

What form of market structure best describes the supermarket chain in the UK Explain your answer using examples - Essay Example These have led to many analysts accusing them of taking advantage of their market power to evolve an unfair advantage. The Competition Commission (CC) confirmed this indicating that they indeed enjoyed higher gross profits as compared to similar firms in other countries, though their return on capital employed (ROCE) was substantially lower (Smithy, 2002). The total UK grocery stores sales in 2005 generated total sales volume of approximately  £120 billion, which was an increment of 4.2 percent from the previous year. In this category, grocery items contributed 95, which accounts for almost half of all retail sales and 13 percent in household spending. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) reported that by 2005, the five largest supermarket chains had a market share of grocery items of approximately 75 percent (OFT, 2006). The OFT reports that the expansion of the large supermarket chains into the convenience store sector (those below 280 sq metres) had considerably expanded this market segment, from 54 stores in 2000 to 1306 by 2005 within the UK market. According to IGAD Research (2009), there are 92,796 grocery stores located in Britain by end of 2008. This are divided into four main segments including: convenience stores; traditional retail; hypermarkets; supermarkets and superstores; and online channel [See Figure: 1]. IGAD Research reports that by 2008, the UK grocery market had grown to  £146.3bn, a 4.8 percent rise from 2007. Clarke (2001) reports that the big five supermarket chains account for half of all food retail sales within the UK market while the two largest (Tesco and Sainsbury) command a market share of third of the market share. Due to their predominance, these supermarkets have evolved monopolistic tactics since they control the downstream market or the retail level hence are able to fix prices to generate higher profits by using their market power

Australian History Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Australian History Project - Essay Example By 1829 a general order was issued by the Government of the day to leave the area now currently the QVB for the market to be built and in 1869 the whole area was roofed and the stairway became a retail arcade within the marketplace (Murphy, George Mac Rae was appointed as city architect in 1887 and 1888 procedure for the new George street market started to appear for the first time. The street is named after the architect George Mac Rae. Then in 1883 George Mac Rae submitted the market plan to the market committee with designs such as Gothic, Queen Anne, Renaissance and Romanesque for QVB.Romanesque design was chosen and they agreed that the building should have room for the coffee palace, a concert hall that can hold 500 people, shops, warehouses and the market in the basement (Murphy, Peter & Watson S 1997) The Hilton bombing in Sydney in 1978 destroyed the glasses of QVB and it had to replace which started in 1979 also the minor domes were also renovated the same year this was a time consuming work for the craftsmen. The city council of Sydney seeks public compliance to the restoration of Queen Victoria building in 1980 which was done by Malaysian company Ipoh Limited. In 1983 Ipoh Limited gets a 99 years lease from the Sydney city council and renovation plan is signed and officially begins in 1984(Murphy, Peter & Watson S 1997) QVB opens its doors for another time to the public in 1986 and in 1987 a number of Turrets are brought back to their original position around the minor domes. In 1998 QVB celebrates 100 years of it is success, the QVB ballroom is restored to the tearoom which is one of the best restaurants in Sydney popularly called tea room QVB in 2000 finally the Queen Victoria building basement reopens after 66 years to hold one of its most triumphant retailer, Victoria's basement (Murphy, Peter & Watson S 1997) The paper will evaluate the historical context of the edifice; closely examine the exterior as well as the interior attributes. The architectural structure known as Queen Victoria otherwise QVB, is an architectural blueprint found in Australia, in Sydney's nucleus commerce territory. The spot was initially home to the George boulevard bazaar, but later earmarked for the magnificent regime structural construction. The queen Victoria structural edifice was designed by an architect by the name George McRae in a Romanesque form. The edifice was erected at a time when recession was rocking the continent; the construction was nonetheless finished in 1898 to commemorate the golden jubilee of Queen Victoria and it is named the Queen Victoria building subsequent to the hegemony. The design covers about 190 metres in length as well as 30 metres in width occupying the entire metropolis hunk. The architectural structure is a shopping mall in our current times. The structure comprises of coffee shops, outlets as well as performance hall. The place offers a trading platform for merchants like tailors, mercers, hair saloon, as well as florists. The innermost auditorium is an overriding facet, this comprises of the innermost glass dome as well as a central glass dome and copper-material on the outside, with an arched copula. Blemish glass windows, comprising a vault casement represent the antique arms of Sydney's Metropolis, allowing light into the central region, while the

Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Specimen Removal

Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Specimen Removal Removing the specimen with traction during robotic radical prostatectomy Serkan Altinova, Abidin Egemen Isgoren, Ziya Akbulut, Muhammed Fuat Ozcan, Abdullah Erdem Canda, Ali Fuat Atmaca, Mevalana Derya Balbay Key words: Prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy, specimen, traction Abstract Purpose: Our aim was to show if removing the specimen with traction during robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy cause positive surgical margin or not. Materials and Methods: 169 patients with localized prostate cancer who were performed robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were included in the study between 2009-2011. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Patients’ characteristics, preop and postop evaluation were recorded. Results: There were 111 and 58 patints in group 1 (with traction) and group 2 (without traction), respectively. Patients’ ages, follow up time, body mass indexes (BMI), prostate spesific antigen (PSA) values, preop and postop Gleason score values, pathological stage, positive surgical margin rates and biochemical PSA reccurrence rates were evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for age, preop PSA values, BMI, preop and postop Gleason scores, positive surgical margin rates and biochemical reccurrence rates. There was significant difference between prostate weight, tumor volume and clinical stage between groups. ( Conclusions: Removing the specimen with traction during robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy does not cause positive surgical margin. The incision can be as small as possible for cosmetic sight. Introduction Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) has become the most preferred surgical technique for localized prostate cancer. One of the most important factor pointing out the oncologic success is the surgical margin status.(1) Positive surgical margin (PSM) status may be related both with the surgeon, surgical technique and disease burden. (1,2 ) Our aim was to evaluate the effect of traction, probably the cause of PSM, during the specimen removal. Ther are many studies comparing the PSM acording to techniques, pathologic findings and clinical stage but we found none acording the technique of specimen removal. (3) Materials and Methods 169 patients who were performed RALP for localized prostate cancer between 2009 and 2011 were included in this study. All the patients were evaluated and Ethic Committee permission were given for each. The reason why we planned this study was the patients with postoperative PSM (positive surgical margin) but no PSA (prostate spesific antigen) reccurrence. Patients were randomized as two groups, A and B, acording to their status of traction was done or not while removing the specmen. Traction can be defined as removing the specimen from a small incision that may let the specimen removed by traction. No traction can be defined as removing the traction from an incision larger than prostate that make easy removing the specimen without any difficulty. Student-t test was used for follow-up, age, BMI (body mass index), PSA, prostate weight and tumor volume. Chi-square test was used for Gleason grade, stage, SMI (surgical margin invasion) and BCR (biochemical reccurrence rates). All the values were calculated as mean and SD. SPSS 16 was used. Results Group A (traction group) had 111 patients while group B (no-traction group) had 58. There was statistically significant difference between groups for prostate weight, tumor volume and clinical stage. Age, BMI, preoperative PSA levels, biopsy Gleason score, prostatectomy Gleason score, pathological stage, SMI status and BCR were similar for both groups. Patients’ preoperative and postoperative characteristics are summerized in table 1 and 2. Although there are pT0 patients in both groups we have to say that we have given no additional therapy like androgen deprivation therapy preoperatively. Discussion Nowadays robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is the main surgical technique for localized prostate cancer. In the United States 85% of radical prostatectomies are performed robotically. (4) Generally PSM rates after different techniques for radical prostatectomy seems to be equal but sometimes surgical technique may effect the rates.(5,6) Oncologic outcomes of robotic surgery are generally similar with laparoscopic and open surgery (7-10) although there are some other results suggesting that the rates are different for the techniques. (11-13) The well known object is that the PSM may be related with disease burden, surgeon and also the technique. Robotic surgery has some differences from laparoscopic surgery. The adventages of robotic surgery are related both with the patient and the surgeon. This provides a comfortable operation for the surgeon. In order to find out if traction may cause a PSM, we randomised the patients into two groups as traction or non-traction. We believe that traction may cause a damage on the prostate capsula and show a pseudopositive surgical margin. In our study PSM rates are similar in both groups. Higher tumor volume and stage can effect PSM rates. (2) Although traction group has higher tumor volume rates and lower clinical stage PSM rates are similar. Also prostatectomy Gleason scores are similar for both groups. All the operations were performed by the same person as PSM rates can differ among surgeons performance. Some outhors have described â€Å" Capsular Incision Index† to show the damages on the capsula that may cause pseudopositive surgical margin.(2). We beleive, because of the traction made by the fourth arm of the robot may cause pseudopositive surgical margin, pahologist must reveal that if there is a positive margin coloured with the ink they use, they must also see the capsula of the prostate. If no, this may not be really a positive margin. This is very important as sometimes may affect the extra t herapy options. In order not to give any unneccesssary treatment both the surgeon and the pathologist must be very careful as this may not only increase the morbidity but also the cost. Conclusion Surgical margin status after radical prostatectomy is an important topic. Surgical technique is important in order not to cause a positive surgical margin but pathlogical findings are maybe more important for the possible additional treatment. Removing the specimen with traction during robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy does not cause positive surgical margin. The incision can be as small as possible for cosmetic sight. References Wiezer AZ, Strope S, Wood DP. Margin control in robotic and laparoscopic prostatectomy: What are the REAL oucomes. Urol Oncol. 2010; 28:210-14. Hong H, Mel L, Taylor J, Wu Q, Reeves H. Effects of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy on surgical pathology specimens. Diagn Pathol. 2012; 7:24-30. Tewari A, Sooriakumaran P, Bloch DA, Seshadri-Kreaden U, Hebert AE, Wiklund P. Positive surgical margin and perioperative complication rates of primary surgical treatments for prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing retropubic, laparoscopic and robotic prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 2012; 62:1-15. Lowrance WT, Parekh DJ. The rapid uptake of robotic prostatectomy and its collateral effects. Cancer. 2012; 118:4–7. Philippou P, Waine E, Rowe E. Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy versus open: comparison of the learning curve of a single surgeon. J Endourol. 2012; 26:1002-08. Coelho RF, Rocco B, Patel MB, et al. Retropubic, laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a criticai review of outcomes reported by high volume centers. J Endourol. 2010; 24:2003-15. Parsons JK, Bennett JL. Outcomes of retropubic, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted prostatectomy. Urology. 2008; 72:412–16. Ficarra V, Novara G, Fracalanza S, et al. A prospective, non-randomized trial comparing robot-assisted laparoscopic and retropubic radical prostatectomy in one European institution. BJU Int. 2009; 104:534–39. Schroeck FR, Sun L, Freedland SJ, et al. Comparison of prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival in a contemporary cohort of patients undergoing either radical retropubic or robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2008; 102:28–32. Laurila TA, Huang W, Jarrard DF. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic and radical retropubic prostatectomy generate similar positive margin rates in low and intermediate risk patients. Urol Oncol. 2009; 27:529–33. Williams SB, Chen MH, DAmico AV, et al. Radical retropubic prostatectomy and robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: likelihood of positive surgical margin(s) Urology. 2010; 76:1097–1101. Cathcart P, Murphy DG, Moon D, Costello AJ, Frydenberg M. Perioperative, functional and oncological outcomes after open and minimally invasive prostate cancer surgery: experience from Australasia. BJU Int. 2011; 107(Suppl 3):11–19. Magheli A, Gonzalgo ML, Su LM, et al . Impact of surgical technique (open vs laparoscopic vs robotic-assisted) on pathological and biochemical outcomes following radical prostatectomy: an analysis using propensity score matching. BJU Int. 2011; 107:1956–62. Table 1. Preoperative characteristics of patients Table 2. Patients’ postoperative findings 1

Students MUST be Provided with the Skills Necessary for Success Essay

Students MUST be Provided with the Skills Necessary for Success Have you ever seen an eighth grader, who has no mental or physical disabilities, struggle through basic third grade math? Throughout high school I have and it has become a common sight in our schools. Some were placed in remedial classes, while others sat next to me in some of my honor’s course. Students are being passed through school without being taught the basic skills necessary to be successful in today’s society. Measures need to be taken so that these students are not pushed through school and thrown into the real world without the skills necessary to succeed. The solution to this is through standardized classes and periodic evaluations of both teachers and students. In the past standardized classrooms have been looked down upon, because of the concept that all students do not learn at the same rate. This is true; there shouldn’t be a standard that is untouchable for most students. There should be a standard so that when a student graduates he or she is prepared to be a productive part of society. Besides just having a standard there must be some way to check that it is being followed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are standards in place now that try and make sure that a student is learning what he or she needs to graduate. These are in the forms of test. The problem with these tests is that they are taken every few years. By this time a student may be so far behind and lack the skills necessary that it would tak...

Nora vs. Kate: Compare and Contrast Essay

Upon thorough examination of the play â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen and the novel My Sister’s Keeper written by Jodi Picoult, it is evident that there are certain characters within both pieces of literature that have the same perception of love and loyalty but at the conclusion of what the reader would believe to occur, a twist takes place, one ending in disappointment and the other ending in tragedy . I found that characters Nora from â€Å"A Doll’s House† and Anna from â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper† show true signs of being loyal to the ones they love by going out of their way to please their family members in ways that comprise their existence. Although one may seem to view the ending of both literatures as tragic or filled with sadness, both Nora and Anna are emancipated from their situations. (Ibsen, 1965) Nora is seen as naive at the beginning of the play where she demonstrates childish qualities causing her husband, Torvald to give her the nickname Doll. The term doll reveals the manner in which her own husband views her. The symbolism of that term is belittlement and allows her husband to deny her of her own self or identity. For example, Torvald states, â€Å"that is like a woman! †¦you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing. † (Ibsen, 21) The play reveals that Nora and Torvald’s conduct creates a sense of inferiority between the two by her permitting him to talk as though they are unequally yoked. It is also revealed within the play that she is capable of fabrication, which becomes a major issue throughout the play. It is for that particular reason why her marriage concludes. Apparently, Nora had been living a â€Å"double life† where their money was not being spent, although for a good reason, that is, to obtain a loan for which would save her husband’s life, legitimately. Her husband comes to find out that Nora had been secretly paying off a debt for the loan where she forged her father’s signature to obtain it. Before Torvald is promoted at the same financial institution where Krogstad, the man who gave the loan to Nora worked, he threatens to expose Nora’s illegimate behaviour, thereby attempting to ruin Torvald’s reputation and ensuring that he holds his position at the bank. Nora even tells a friend that she is proud of the decision because it was done for the love of her husband. Torvald comes to realize that Nora does not exemplify the wifely qualities he thought a wife should possess. Torvald questions their marriage when he inquires, â€Å"Nora—can I ever be anything more than a stranger to you? † and she responds by saying, â€Å"both you and I would have to be so changed that†¦. our life together would be a real wedlock. † (Ibsen, 375-280) Her actions reveal self-independence as well. Upon conclusion of the play, Nora finds her own identity and leaves her husband. Ibsen clearly suggests a notion of self when Nora is able to emancipate herself from her husband. This creates a theme of self-confidence and self-motivation. Nora’s conception to understand that she is not inferior to Torvald creates psychological strength in knowing that she does not have to be dependent on him to make her feel loved as a human being. Self-identity is also important in a good marriage because although when husband and wife marry and they become one, they can make choices to benefit each. I do not believe that Nora made the right decision by forging her father’s signature but I do believe that Torvald should have stood by her because it was her way of showing how much she loved him. (Ibsen, 1965) The character Anna from My Sister’s Keeper is very similar in the fact that throughout the novel and from the time she was born, Anna was a creation based on the fact that her older sister Kate overwhelmed by sickness. Anna does not have her own identity because from the time she was a child, parents Sarah and Brian Fitzgerald expected her to be an organ donor for Kate at all costs. According to Brian who is a firefighter, â€Å"the safety of the rescuer is of a higher priority than the safety of the victim. Always. † (Picoult, 142) Anna realizes that in order to make her own decision it is necessary to emancipate or free herself via lawsuit through which her lawyer Campbell Alexander works for her until the case is resolved. It is later revealed within the novel that the lawsuit is a result of Kate encouraging Anna not to donate her kidney to her. Kate also wanted to emancipate herself from going through all the medical issues that has plagued life from a young age. The relationship between the two sisters is what seemed to be an unbreakable bond until Anna is killed in a severe car accident when both Campbell and herself are driving to the hospital. Campbell lives. With this ironic twist, as power of attorney is Campbell’s, he decides to give Anna’s kidney to Kate who lives healthy throughout life. Anna, although she loses her identity when she is killed, emancipation arrives. She is liberated from having to worry about her sister’s health and the pressure of the parents in making her feel obliged to Kate. Like Nora’s situation, Anna’s family structure is compromised because of certain decisions made. They are also both freed from situations where they thought to be binding and felt as if they were being forced be a part of circumstances of compulsion and responsibility. If Nora or Anna were to initially deny their family members of what they needed to survive, they would be thought to be disloyal and selfish but in fact, they were both selfless individuals. The love they had for family for so great that they looked beyond their own selves to do what was logically and morally right in their eyes. (Picoult, 2005) Due to the fact that â€Å"A Doll’s House† was written during the 1800’s which was a time period in history when husband viewed their wives as the typical housewife which meant they did not work outside of the house. Their main duties were to stay at home, take care of the children, clean the house, and cook meals while the husband was expected to be the breadwinner of the family. It was unusual for many wives to leave their husbands even when spoken to in a condescending manner. They often were willing to endure that kind of language and remained with their husbands at all costs because it was what was expected of them at that time in society. Society in the 1800 often was a determinant for the way in which man and wife would live and anyone who diverted from the norm was viewed as insubordinate. My Sister’s Keeper, written in this 21st century is different because it speaks of unethical means of providing live for one human being by essentially taking the life of another. What I mean by this is that Anna’s parents were so caught up in trying to save Kate’s life that they were willing to design a baby for this reason. It is clearly unethical and immoral because it is an infringement upon the rights of Anna as a human being. It is very apparent that Anna could no longer live up to her parents’ and everyone else’s expectations of being the organ provider for Kate whom they adorned so much to the point that everyone else became insignificant in their lives. Even Campbell’s girlfriend gives her own opinion through this statement, â€Å"even if the law says that no one is responsible for anyone else, helping someone who needs it is the right thing to do. † (Picoult, 122) At the conclusion, the guilt consumed the parents whereas the brother Jesse, Kate, Campbell and his girlfriend later on, his wife, begin to lead normal lives. Modern day society would say that the parents are deserving of the overwhelming feeling of guilt because of what they made Anna endure as their own child. Another issue that Picoult covers is the legal aspect where Anna medically emancipates herself. In the 1800s this was not a choice that could be made because it didn’t exist during those times. This shows that people are able to make many more choices today than they could during the 1800s, many without being looked at as immoral unless it has been publicly exposed. Contributing factors of the resulting drama of both pieces of literature is the attempt to create unusual occurrences and climax. The writers want to give the readers an emotional and controversial feeling so that the themes may grab their attention allowing them to be captivated while reading. By doing this, it evokes a thought to keep reading and by finding the author’s work captivating, they will want to read other literature written by the authors. I believe that both Ibsen and Picoult definitely reach their readers by their stylistic methods in which they use controversy to make their readers more interested. Bibliography Ibsen, Henrik. â€Å"A Doll’s House. † London: Penguin Books, 1965. Picoult, Jodi. My Sister’s Keeper A Novel. New York: Washington Square P, 2005.

Sophomore English Exam Study Guide

The Glass Menagerie- By: Tennessee Williams Setting- After the Great Depression, before World War II; 1937 In SST. Louis, Missouri The Way Tennessee Williams broke away from straight realist staging: 1 . Had his major character also be the narrator (Tom Winnfield) 2. Incorporated a screen device into his plays to emphasize important details and actions on stage 3. Removed props 4. SE of lighting Problem with memory play: Details could be omitted or left out; biased, exaggerated details Symbolism- a person, place, or object that has its own meaning but can suggest other meanings as well Genre- Tragedy 3. Death off Salesman- By: Arthur Miller Genre- Tragedy Setting- Late sass's; Brooklyn- Present; Boston- Flashback Tense- Past and Present Protagonist- Wily or Biff Loan Antagonist- Wily or Biff Loan American Dream- an antagonist dreamThis play attacks the materialistic aspect of the American Dream He believes the achievement of wealth and success without integrity Background information is given through flashback Flashback- action that interrupts to show an event that happened in an earlier time which is necessary for understanding Expressionism- when an artist distorts reality to create an emotional effect Parental Dilutions- parents who have high expectations set for their children 4. A Streetcar Named Desire- By: Tennessee Williams Setting- New Orleans, Louisiana; sass Protagonist-Balance Dubos Conflicts 1. Balance Vs..Self 2. Balance Vs.. Stanley II. Short Answer The Glass Menagerie Techniques to break away from straight realistic staging 1. He had his major character also be the narrator (Tom Winnfield) 2. Incorporated a screen device into his plays to emphasize important details and actions on stage Key words he would want the audience to recognize 3. Removed props Distracting; Allows to concentrate more on character plot 4. Use of lighting Dimmed the lights; Low and hazy; Memory play Tennessee Williams used 4 different techniques to break away from straight realistic tagging and make his pays different than others.First, he made his main character in the play also be the narrator. In The Glass Menagerie, Tom Winnfield is both the main character and the narrator because it is his memory and told from his point of view. Also, he eliminated the use of props in some scenes. Williams believed props were a distraction and taking them away would help the audience focus on character development and plot. Tennessee Williams also used a screen device. The screen device displayed several words he would want the audience to recognize to guide them to think or feel a certain way.Lastly, he dimmed the lighting to create a hazy look. This lighting effect would help the audience remember the play was from memory. Death of a Salesman Techniques to distinguish past from present/reality from illusion 1 . Stage Directions/ Setting 2. Character's Appearance and illusion. These techniques include character appearance, setting change, and stage directions. For example, young Wily Loan was very fast moving and energetic. However, old Wily Loan is grumpy, slow moving, and dull. An example of setting change would be from the Loan's household to either Boston or a football field.Incorporated with setting change is stage directions. They indicate when the setting changes. For example, in the past, the Loan household was surrounded with many trees, leaves, and beautiful scenery. However, in the present, the house in surrounded by apartment buildings and the mood is dark and dull. Streetcar Named Desire Difference between this play and The Glass Menagerie with regards to the theme of illusion as an approach to reality The Glass Menagerie is hazy and filtered based off of memory. A Streetcar Named Desire is crude and more forward to reality. The Merchant of VeniceConflict/Resolution The conflict in The Merchant of Venice is that Bassoon is poor and needs Antonio help him woo Portia. Antonio can only turn to Shylock, who is Jewish and thus hat ed. Antonio has to sign away a pound of his flesh as a guarantee on Bassoon's loan. Bassoon finally gets a go at Portia, but he's got to pick the right casket. The resolution occurs when Portia reveals everything and Antonio is rich again. Portia accepts Notation's apology and goes even further, ensuring that, even if he's lost his friend, he's got his money back. Ill. Long Answer 1 .Tragedy/Tragic Hero (A Streetcar Named Desire/Balance Dubos by Tennessee Williams) Balance Dubos is a tragic hero because she has a tragic flaw that ultimately leads to her downfall. Blanches flaw is her inability to accept reality or where she is right now. She lives her life in illusion to escape her reality. However, she is forced to face reality after her sister's husband, Stanley, raped her. After this occurrence, Balance starts to go crazy and insane. She is sent to a mental institution. 2. Characteristics of a One Act Play (He Said She Said by Alice Greenberg) Origin- may be traced to the very be ginning of dramaUnities- conform to the Classical Unities of drama developed by the philosopher Aristotle; unity of time, unity of place, and unity of subject Unity of Time- He Said She Said takes place within 24 hours Unity of Place- He Said She Said takes place in one setting, the Helmsman' household gossiping Time- usually between 10-40 pages long He Said She Said is 16 pages long Setting- one scene He Said She Said all takes place in the Helmsman' living room Plot- simple; one of the most important elements to any play is conflict Gossiping Characters- differ from full-length plays in their scope; fewer characters or a more impel setting; focused on a main character and a single incident or goal; little time for subplots; usually 4 or less characters Felix, Enid, Mrs..Packard, and Diana Exposition- most avoid extensive exposition In He Said She Said, it gives the background information that Felix and Enid Hellman have a great relationship. This is necessary for proper understand ing because the plot is relevant Subtext- unspoken thoughts and motives of the characters?what they really think and believe; seldom breaks through the surface of the dialogue except in moments of extreme conflict; gives the performers something o do] Stage Direction- contains simple and direct stage direction 3. Motivation (Wily Loan/Death of a Salesman) Wily Loan's death in Death of a Salesman is a result of his motivation.His motivation was his want to provide and supply for his family, and also his want to prove to Biff that he was right. Wily knew that if he died, his insurance money would be given to his family so they could live good, happy lives. Also, Wily wanted to prove to Biff that he was right about being personally attractive and liked was all that mattered. Through his death, Wily was hoping to show to Biff that he was right by a on of people showing up to his funeral. Also, Wily died with a sense of personal dignity, believing he was right all along. 4. Contribution of a Minor Character (The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams) Jim O'Connor, a minor character in The Glass Menagerie, helps contribute to the character development of Laura.Although he may be a minor character, his role in the play is necessary for plot development. He is the most realistic character in the entire play. He is a symbol of hope for Laura. Jim is the person that Laura and her family having been waiting for their whole lives because everything will change. 5. Dynamic and Static Character (A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams) Balance Dubos is a dynamic character in A Streetcar Named Desire. In the beginning, she used illusion to escape her reality. However, by the end of the play, she is forced to face reality when Stanley rapes her. From that point on, she was never the same. She went from being somewhat normal to completely insane.Stanley is a static character because throughout the play he remains the same. From start to finish, he is very aggressive and never liked Balance. 6. Foil Character Merchant of Venice is a comedy because it fits the characteristics 1 . Young lovers struggling to overcome obstacles 0 Jessica and Lorenz are madly in love and want to be together, but Jessica father, Shylock, is trying to do everything he can to keep them from marrying. Also, Bassoon and Portia marry. 2. Mistaken Identity 0 Jessica deceives her father when she disguises herself as a boy and runs off to marry Lorenz. Portia cross dresses as a male lawyer and shows up in the courtroom to defend Antonio 3.Clever plot twist with multiple plot lines 0 2 main plots: Bassoon's adventure playing the lotto to win a rich wife, and Schlock's recruits of Notation's pound of flesh 4. Puns 0 Marriage; Just about everybody is married (Lorenz and Jessica) (Bassoon and Portia) Antonio is a comic hero because he has a minimal level of personal charm and worth of character who wins the audiences approval. The audience likes Antonio because he values friendship and love. Antonio is also a Christian which The Merchant of Venice favors Christians instead of Jews. Antonio is a worthy character because he risks his own life in the hands of Shylock to lend money to give to his best friend, Bassoon, to win Portrait's heart.

Hitlers Killing Factories essays

Hitlers Killing Factories essays Hitlers rise to power following World War I was nothing short of mercurial. He was able to rise to this position of dominance by offering Germans a chance to shed the fetters imposed upon them by the Treaty of Versailles. As a master of rhetoric and deception he was able to place the blame for the loss of World War One on the subversive forces within Germany. Number one on this list of subversives were the Jews. Through propaganda in support of nationalism and social Darwinism he made it obvious that Germany must rid itself of negative forces that reduced the purity of the master race. In this way the Jews became scapegoats of Germanys decline and decay socially, politically and militarily. The leaders of the Riech deemed it neccessary to remove the blemish on their pure society, covertly at first and then successively in a more principled and well orchestrated program of genocidal activity, known to them as the Final Solution. Hitlers idea to eradicate the Jews was conceived long before he became Chancellor in 1933. Murdering an entire people was a daunting, but for Hitler, a necessary task designed for the restoration of Germany and the master race. The logistics and economics behind the plan of mass genocide required the investment of excessive amounts of time, labour and money. Despite the high cost of the operation Nazi leaders felt the solution must be imposed in order to cleanse the Fatherland. Social restrictions, exclusion and alienation were the first of the progressive steps taken to disenfranchise German Jewry. In the face of the threats of an escalating war in the east and the entry of the United States into the global conflict following Pearl Harbor, the answer to the Jewish question became increasingly imminent as Hitler felt he no loner needed to shroud his intentions. The Final Solution was the vision of Adolph Hitler, but its architects were Reichsfuhrer SS Heinrich Himmler...

Fertilizer essays

Fertilizer essays Fertilizer is a substance added to soil to help plants grow. Fertilizer is divided into two groups: natural and synthetic. Fertilizer provides one or more of the chemical elements essential for plant nutrition. Natural fertilizers are items like animal excrement, straw, other plant materials, guano, animal tankage and meat and bone meals, and bone meals and flours. All natural fertilizers are from nature. Synthetic fertilizers come in either liquid or solid. They are usually classified into 10 groups: nitrogen fertilizers (it can make the soil acid), ammonia (a kind of fertilizer that contains 82% nitrogen), ammonium nitrate (is made by oxidizing ammonia), ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride (mostly made from synthetic ammonia), urea (a fertilizer that is 45% to 46% nitrogen and made by combining ammonia with carbon dioxide), others (fertilizers that are only important in few places for special crops), phosphate fertilizers (made from deposits of rock phosphates), superphosphates (made by reacting rock phosphate with sulfuric acid), basic slag (or Thomas slag, a by-product of steelmaking) , and potassium fertilizers (fertilizers that are water soluble). Synthetic fertilizers are also called chemical fertilizers. They have three groups of elements involved in making them. The primary elements include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These elements are required in the bigge st amount. The secondary elements are sulfur, calcium, and magnesium. These elements are required in smaller amounts. The other elements are boron, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. These elements are only required in trace amounts. ...

A Traditional Definition Of Leadership Management Essay

A Traditional Definition Of Leadership Management Essay A traditional definition of leadership: Leadership is an interpersonal influence directed toward the achievement of a goal or goals. Three important parts of this definition are the terms interpersonal, influence, and goal.  · Interpersonal means between persons. Thus, a leader has more than one person (group) to lead.  · Influence is the power to affect others.  · Goal is the end one strives to attain. Basically, this traditional definition of leadership says that a leader influences more than one person toward a goal. The definition of leadership used in this course follows. LEADERSHIP is a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral development as they affect real, intended change. (Kevin Freiberg and Jackie Freiberg, NUTS! Southwest Airlines’ Crazy Recipe for Business and Personal Success, Bard Press, 1996, p. 298) Three important parts of this de finition are the terms relationship, mutual, and collaborators. Relationship is the connection between people. Mutual means shared in common. Collaborators cooperate or work together. This definition of leadership says that the leader is influenced by the collaborators while they work together to achieve an important goal. Leadership versus Management A leader can be a manager, but a manager is not necessarily a leader. The leader of the work group may emerge informally as the choice of the group. If a manager is able to influence people to achieve the goals of the organization, without using his or her formal authority to do so, then the manager is demonstrating leadership. According to John P. Kotter in his book, A Force for Change: How Leadership Differs From Management (The Free Press, 1990), managers must know how to lead as well as manage. Without leading as well as managing, today’s organizations face the threat of extinction. Management is the process of setting and a chieving the goals of the organization through the functions of management: planning, organizing, directing (or leading), and controlling. A manager is hired by the organization and is given formal authority to direct the activity of others in fulfilling organization goals. Thus, leading is a major part of a manager’s job. Yet a manager must also plan, organize, and control. Generally speaking, leadership deals with the interpersonal aspects of a manager’s job, whereas planning, organizing, and controlling deal with the administrative aspects. Leadership deals with change, inspiration, motivation, and influence. Management deals more with carrying out the organization’s goals and maintaining equilibrium. The key point in differentiating between leadership and management is the idea that employees willingly follow leaders because they want to, not because they have to. Leaders may not possess the formal power to reward or sanction performance. However, employees give the leader power by complying with what he or she requests. On the other hand, managers may have to rely on formal authority to get employees to accomplish goals. Trait Theories In the 1920’s and 1930’s, leadership research focused on trying to identify the traits that differentiated leaders from non-leaders. These early leadership theories were content theories, focusing on â€Å"what† an effective leader is, not on ‘how’ to effectively lead. The trait approach to understanding leadership assumes that certain physical, social, and personal characteristics are inherent in leaders. Sets of traits and characteristics were identified to assist in selecting the right people to become leaders. Physical traits include being young to middle-aged, energetic, tall, and handsome. Social background traits include being educated at the â€Å"right† schools and being socially prominent or upwardly mobile. Social characteristics include being charisma tic, charming, tactful, popular, cooperative, and diplomatic. Personality traits include being self-confident, adaptable, assertive, and emotionally stable. Task-related characteristics include being driven to excel, accepting of responsibility, having initiative, and being results-oriented.

Ethics and Public Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethics and Public Administration - Essay Example Ethics are considered as accountability principles, which the public use to scrutinize government people s work in public sector. Government people s and public manager’s decision and code of conduct are directed by ethical principles that are public’s perception of the correct actions by public managers and government people. Therefore, to ensure effectiveness and transparency in their public work, government people subscribe to various ethics theories. Government ethics debates centers on the question of whether it is moral and ethical for government people to deceive the public to acquire and maintain their power. Whereas, people cringe at the legitimating mendacity though by government people s, people have the true Walzer’s admonition that â€Å"no government people can survive in politics without getting their hands dirty. The discussion will analyze the official deception defense as outlined by Machiavelli and Walzer, ethical theories that guide political behavior and code of conduct and finally outline why government people are justified to get their hands dirty. Discussion Any debate concerning ethics in public management is fraught with controversial issues such as the apolitical service culture, conflict of interest among others. Having public ethics and theories help to put distinction that ensure that government people s act based on set moral and ethical principle. Ethics also put an extra burden on government people s concerning their behavior conduct; therefore, government ethics strive to create an increasingly open atmosphere within the public operations, (Bowie, 2002, p. 52). Ethical issues that government people s experience are complex and dynamic and these issues are unique to public service that demands public managers to take choices concerning ethical issues on regular basic. Whereas people commonly believe that government people s are naturally challenged by telling the truth, very few citizens would like to conce de that government people are on certain occasions justified to get their hands dirty, (Oberdiek, 2006, p.55). However, there are compelling circumstances and ethics on special occasions that require government people s to lie not to jeopardize public interests. As early mentioned, public services is guided by ethical theories based on the nature of their public work, for instance, some political service and behavior support deontological ethics theory. Deontological theory is a duty or obligation grounded ethics, and deontologists assert that ethical rules bind government people s to their duty and they consider the right or wrong aspect of the action and not the effects of the action consequences, (Coady, 2006, p. 31). Deontologists are concerned with the government people s’ fidelity to principles and overlook the results or outcomes of a certain act, in their moral worth determination. Kantianism or the ethical theory of Kant is considered deontological because it mainly revolves around an individual’s obligations instead of their emotional feeling and end objectives – the center of this concept is the duty of a government people or what he should do in a certain situation. Kant’s ethical theory asserts that true ethical and moral acts are grounded on the highest sense of duty and the right and fair actions but not on the self-interest or highest utility on a broader aspect (irrespective of the possible effects for government people

Traditional clothes in Japan and Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Traditional clothes in Japan and Germany - Essay Example Culture is expressed by a range of values that are special and unique for a country or a region – these are history, language, cuisine, traditions. Clothes are a distinctive national peculiarity. Traditional clothes have evolved, as culture has evolved during the ages, influenced by historical developments, religious beliefs, regional and class subcultures.The Japanese traditional clothing today has become to represent Japan’s cultural identity. The word kimono or wafuku means simply â€Å"Japanese style clothing†, and is used to differentiate this style of attire from yofuku, which is the Western-style clothing Japanese prefer to wear today Traditional clothes have specific attributes like form or color that make them distinctive to the national culture. The thought here is that clothes’ elements and style in the past have developed for a reason, conveying meaningful messages to other people as part of the nonverbal communication process. The kimono is a universal symbol of Japan. It represents the traditional beauty and simplicity, having a single basic pattern in size and shape. Originally the kimono was worn in multiple layers of different colors. The symbolism behind this variety of colors is that during the Heian period women had to be protected by multi-layered clothes, whereby the different colors of the layers revealed the character of those who wore them. (Chiu, 2001). Elements of the clothing were indicative of woman's character - her skill in matching colors and even the smallest details in the kimono were highly valued as artistic sensibility. Other symbolic elements in the

The importance of volunteering in my community to make it a batter Essay

The importance of volunteering in my community to make it a batter place - Essay Example A volunteer helped him to the home. I immediately called for an ambulance and in no time, dad was taken to the hospital. It was all happening before my eyes, and the remembrance of that feel haunts me till this day. My father, who was both a parent and a spiritual guide to me, was struggling breath by breath for life. Any moment, anything could happen. Nonetheless, this saddest experience of my life taught me the importance of volunteering. In the few days I spent at the hospital to nurse my father as he was recovering, I used to see volunteers offering help to the needy and counseling them to raise their self esteem. I was totally impressed. After all, it was a volunteer that helped my father reach home when he was in trouble! That day, I took an oath to volunteer any way by which I could benefit my community. Few activities that I have made my habit and part of everyday routine in an attempt to benefit my community and making the environment better for them is picking up garbage fr om the streets and throwing it in dustbins, buying seeds and growing plants as many as I can, and providing people with due help in the way the need. I truly believe that volunteering is something much more sacred and noble than our possessions.

Scaling the Height of Patriarchy. Tambu in the Novel Nervous Research Paper

Scaling the Height of Patriarchy. Tambu in the Novel Nervous Conditions Faat Kine in Kine and Marcia in Dancehall Queen - Research Paper Example Women of Africa and the African diaspora have been through many challenges that include biased cultural practices, gender discrimination, sexism, racism, economic dependency, among others. Their problems always seem to stem from the fact that they are women. This research aims at exploring the condition of Women of Africa and the Africa diaspora and address some of the challenges that these women face and how they managed to pull through. The research focuses on three women: Tambu from Zimbabwe in the Novel Nervous Conditions (1988), Faat Kine from Senegal in the film Kine (1999) and Marcia in the film Dancehall Queen (1997). The research traces their lives and challenges that they have gone through as women and how their determination enabled them to overcome these challenges in a male dominated society. I will use literary and historical texts, articles, journals, critical essays, books/book chapters, newspapers, interviews, films, and news reports to show that although women have been oppressed based on their gender, some of them did not relent. Through the exploration of the struggles and achievements of these women, my research will address the growing concern about the role of women in social, political and economic spheres and greatly contribute to the campaign of empowering women.

Marketing startegy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing startegy - Essay Example Their costs for customer service remained at the same value. They retained the same amount of cash reserve in the end of this period one as period zero. They also did not tamper with any pricing strategy and kept a markup of 49.48% for channel 1 and 2.They kept the same number of sales representatives. They used to have equal distribution for both channels but this year they increased quantities of channel 1 and the weight of the units sold were heavier than channel 2. It must be noted that all products ordered in period zero were sold and disposed leaving no ending inventory for the firm but this was not the case in period 1. No changes in strategies but the firm did not deliver the same results. For Firm 2, the distribution intensity is largely found in channel 2 with a higher markup relative to channel 1 and even to period zero's data. They doubled their production by 37.5% but was not able to sell all. It could be seen that they incurred expenses for R&D for product modifications. Product features were improved.Also they increased their advertising as seen in their increase of 16% in expense. It should be noted that Firms 1,2 and 2 did not invest in Marketing Research Reports. They only had very minimal expenses for such and they were not competitive in this manner because they were not able to connect with the consumers and they were not equipped with what the market needs and demands. They could have increased a feature in their product and still not entice the consumers. Additional promotions and commission expense was incurred. they concentrated in improving customer service and incurring an additional $27,500 outflow. Firm 2 and 3 applied the same strategies. Lastly, Firm 4, the considered most successful implemented various strategies and optimized the changes. Product development is the root of the major edge and advantage of this firm against the 3 others. The values of product features were all improved. The highest average retail price of $ 279.70 for both channels was riveted by this firm.Unlike the previous year, they augmented the production by 5,000 units and still exceeded by 3,710 units leaving no inventories to be transferred. They incurred a net contribution.They had no remaining reserve funds though like the other 3 but increased their budget for the next period by 49.85%. More distribution intensity of sales for channel 1 was realized and that made up 80.4% of the total units sold. Competitive strategy of theirs was to focus on product development and market research. Promotions strategy wise, they diminished advertising expense and affected the pioneering type. Sales promotion bore more bearing this year and results prov e its effectivity relative to distribution channel 1 which obviously they concentrated much on. The results of firm 4 was the positive reverse of firms 2 and 3 and definitely of firm1. The market segmentation is constant with their product positioning strategy . 2.) From the perspective of Firm 2, competition might unfold in this industry and there is potential primarily because this period is considered a trial and error allowance for the firms who is deviating from their norms to explore the market. With this, there are major points and the first would relate to launching a new product. As period ended, only Firm 4 incurred net contribution. They all had the option to adapt a new product at the beginning but no one opted for such. In the coming of second

Management - Entrepreneurial Managers Term Paper

Management - Entrepreneurial Managers - Term Paper Example In such an environment, the competitive advantage of a business or manager may be insufficient. This indicates that mangers need to have an extra skill or advantage. Entrepreneurial skill is an essential skill that managers need to have. This essay will seek to establish why managers in modern organizations need to become entrepreneurs. An organization cannot dispense its duties without a manager. This proves that mangers are critical for the existence of an organization. However, critical role of mangers might be organization requires managers who have relevant entrepreneurial skills. Management revolves around management ideas and theories. An effective manager is therefore, expected to have sufficient of such knowledge. In addition to the knowledge, a manager is expected to bring innovations into the business. Their role therefore, involves discovering new ideas that are based on proved management knowledge. Ideas and innovations are critical to organizations. However, they are in sufficient to sustain an organization in the modern, competitive business environment (Bade, Michael, 2001). By becoming entrepreneurs, mangers will be able to apply their knowledge and innovations to produce useful products and services. Application of established knowledge and innovations creates competitive advantage of a business. ... The future of a business is therefore, essential for its existence. Managers are trained to produce working solution to immediate business problems. This implies that manager operate to attain short-term goals and objectives in an organization. Although short-term goals and focus is essential in an organization, long-term planning is of equal importance. Unlike managers, entrepreneurs focus on long-term objectives of a business organization and their implications to the business. Entrepreneurs therefore, conduct a business with long-term objectives and plans. An entrepreneur will focus on how a new product will create a breakthrough in the market while a manager will be concerned with the improvement of existing products. The two roles are important to a business however, the role played by entrepreneurs is of greater importance since it includes the other role. Acquiring entrepreneurship skills will enable managers to balance the two roles within an organization. Becoming an entrepr eneur will also enable managers to have long-term objective for the business. The main duty of an entrepreneur is to organize other factors of production and such roles involve taking of risks (Hirshleifer & Hirshleifer, 2005). Entrepreneurs therefore, expect a reward for the risks they assume. On the other hand, managers have the responsibility of ensuring that things in an organization are running according to the plan. Managers therefore, work according to a preset strategy or plan. Unlike managers, entrepreneurs are capable of varying their working strategy to cope with their expectations. Entrepreneurs are flexible in their duties and operations. Flexibility is an indispensable quality in modern business environment due to the unpredictability. Becoming entrepreneurs will

Marketing startegy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing startegy - Essay Example Their costs for customer service remained at the same value. They retained the same amount of cash reserve in the end of this period one as period zero. They also did not tamper with any pricing strategy and kept a markup of 49.48% for channel 1 and 2.They kept the same number of sales representatives. They used to have equal distribution for both channels but this year they increased quantities of channel 1 and the weight of the units sold were heavier than channel 2. It must be noted that all products ordered in period zero were sold and disposed leaving no ending inventory for the firm but this was not the case in period 1. No changes in strategies but the firm did not deliver the same results. For Firm 2, the distribution intensity is largely found in channel 2 with a higher markup relative to channel 1 and even to period zero's data. They doubled their production by 37.5% but was not able to sell all. It could be seen that they incurred expenses for R&D for product modifications. Product features were improved.Also they increased their advertising as seen in their increase of 16% in expense. It should be noted that Firms 1,2 and 2 did not invest in Marketing Research Reports. They only had very minimal expenses for such and they were not competitive in this manner because they were not able to connect with the consumers and they were not equipped with what the market needs and demands. They could have increased a feature in their product and still not entice the consumers. Additional promotions and commission expense was incurred. they concentrated in improving customer service and incurring an additional $27,500 outflow. Firm 2 and 3 applied the same strategies. Lastly, Firm 4, the considered most successful implemented various strategies and optimized the changes. Product development is the root of the major edge and advantage of this firm against the 3 others. The values of product features were all improved. The highest average retail price of $ 279.70 for both channels was riveted by this firm.Unlike the previous year, they augmented the production by 5,000 units and still exceeded by 3,710 units leaving no inventories to be transferred. They incurred a net contribution.They had no remaining reserve funds though like the other 3 but increased their budget for the next period by 49.85%. More distribution intensity of sales for channel 1 was realized and that made up 80.4% of the total units sold. Competitive strategy of theirs was to focus on product development and market research. Promotions strategy wise, they diminished advertising expense and affected the pioneering type. Sales promotion bore more bearing this year and results prov e its effectivity relative to distribution channel 1 which obviously they concentrated much on. The results of firm 4 was the positive reverse of firms 2 and 3 and definitely of firm1. The market segmentation is constant with their product positioning strategy . 2.) From the perspective of Firm 2, competition might unfold in this industry and there is potential primarily because this period is considered a trial and error allowance for the firms who is deviating from their norms to explore the market. With this, there are major points and the first would relate to launching a new product. As period ended, only Firm 4 incurred net contribution. They all had the option to adapt a new product at the beginning but no one opted for such. In the coming of second

New England and Chesapeake Regions Essay Example for Free

New England and Chesapeake Regions Essay Although New England and the Chesapeake regions were both settle largely by people of English origin, the two regions developed differently. Certainly they eventually evolved into similar modern societies. However in their early years, they were very different. Thus, by 1700, the New England and Chesapeake regions had developed into two separate and distinct societies due to differences in social structures, political structures, and economies. The social structures of the two regions were very different, mainly in demographics and the incentives of the immigrants and religion. In the New England area, the early populations was mostly comprised of families with children and servants. This brought to the New World skilled craftsmen, farmers, and indentured servants to shape the economy. This also provided a relatively equal male to female ratio. They had longer life spans and less infant and childbirth related deaths. The incentives of the New England immigrants was to escape religious and political conflicts in England, thus shaping their religion. The religion of the of the New England settlers was very Puritan. They wanted to establish themselves as a city on a hill or a place of morality and social reciprocity to serve as role model for the rest of the Americas. The Puritan communities were strong and tightly knit and the Puritan marriages were stable and most lasted until death. The religion of these settlers greatly influenced their politics; their form of government was a theocracy. The Chesapeake immigrants were many teenage boys and very few women. The women who did immigrate there had great choice in husbands. They married young, widowed, and usually remarried, carrying on the plantations of their late-husbands, resulting in greater economic freedom for women Most of the male immigrants were seeking gold in the New World and prone to fights from the start. The Chesapeake was very diverse in religion. This diversity nearly required religious toleration to some extent. As a result, the community life was very unstable. The political structures of the New England colonies and the Chesapeake colonies, too, were different. In the New England colonies, the  government was a Puritan theocracy. Each town had an agreed upon covenant or promise of not only moral, but social commitment. Established and enforced by their government and covenant were fair and set wages, shared property, and public schools. Each town had a annual town meeting during which the male voters would appoint men to govern for the coming year. In the Chesapeake there was at first general chaos. The councilors appointed by the English king wanted to just go back home to England. The established governments were oligarchies and aristocracies, breeding social unrest in the lower classes, as is very apparent in Bacons Rebellion. In the Chesapeake, there was a system of headrights or one of land grants to people who were willing to either immigrate to the colony or pay for the voyage of another. Also different were the economies of north and south. The New England economy was primarily sustained on agriculture and some fur trading. As governed by their Puritan ideals, goods and foods were traded for need, not profit. The Chesapeake colonies were mainly plantation colonies. The main crops was tobacco, but cotton, indigo and rice were also grown. The labor intensity of the crops grown in the Chesapeake, the bad soil, and unfavorable growing conditions gave rise to slavery in the south. All the crops grown were grown for profits, so there was a very competitive system of plantations. The New England and Chesapeake colonies were settle mostly by the English, but they developed differently. By 1700 the two areas had two very different had developed into two very separate and very distinct societies due two differences in social structures, political structures, and economies.

Regulating Iron Metabolism

Regulating Iron Metabolism Introduction Iron is an essential nutrient for many organisms as it aids in numerous cellular processes such as oxygen transport and DNA synthesis. In overload, iron generates free radicals that damage both proteins and lipids. On the other hand, a deficiency of iron undermines cell proliferation. Iron metabolism: an outline An adult manages to take up around 1-3mg of iron a day, in order to make up for any losses through sweat, urine and dying red cells. Non-heme iron is taken up by red cells through bivalent metal transporters, also heme iron is taken up by red cells though an undefined mechanism. Regulation of iron metabolism Keeping a constant cellular iron content is important and therefore the body has developed precise mechanisms for the regulation of uptake storage and export of iron. The Iron-Responsive Element (IRE)/ Iron Regulatory Protein (IRP) regulatory mechanism consists of a mechanism responsible for regulating post-transcriptional gene expression to maintain iron homeostasis. It involves two RNA binding proteins Iron-regulatory protein 12 (IRP 1, IRP 2) and a regulatory RNA elements known as Iron Responsive Elements. IRE/IRP interactions control the expression of mRNA sequences that encode for proteins responsible for iron acquisition (divalent metal transporter 1 and transferrin receptor 1), storage of iron (H-ferritin and L-ferritin) iron utilization (erythroid 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase), energy (mitochondrial aconitase), and iron export (ferroportin) (Muckhentaler, et al., 2008). The processes responsible from binding IRP1 and IRP2 to IRE are regulated mainly by iron levels, although other stimuli do exist, such as hypoxia and nitric oxide. In cells which have high iron levels, the IRP/IRE binding activity is low as IRP 1 2 are incapable of binding to IRE. In such conditions, IRP1 would set up an iron-sulphur cluster (Fe-S) which in turn transforms into cytosolic aconitase, whereas IRP2 would become degraded through the action of the proteosome. This means that only in iron-depleted cells would the IRP proteins bind to IRE. Both IRP 1 2 hinder translation initiation when bound to the 5’Untranslated Region of IRE, by inhibiting the binding of the small ribosomal sub-unit to the mRNA sequence (Muckenthaler, et al., 1998). In addition, when IRP1 is bound to a cap proximal IRE, and hence the cap binding complex (eIF4F) is produced. At this point the small ribosomal sub-unit does not incorporate in the presence of IRP1 which hinders any interactions needed between the cap binding complex and the small ribosomal sub-unit. The association of IRP 1 with the 3’IRE of transferrin receptor 1 reduces its turnover by hindering the cleavage of a restriction site and eventually its mRNA degradation (Binder, et al., 1994). The mechanism that stabilizes IRP mRNA has not yet been well investigated for other 3’IRE containing mRNA’s like CDC14A and DMT1, which contain one 3’IRE site and could require other factors in order to be regulated. Therefore, it can be said that the binding of IR P 1 2 ensures iron balance and no over expression of target mRNA molecules. The IRP/IRE system was primarily described as a non-complex post-transcriptional gene expression which regulates the formation of ferritins and transferrin receptor 1. The discovery of other mRNA sequences associated with this system has increased the complexity and has enhanced the role of IRP proteins to connect different pathways, which are regulated by iron metabolism. Assessment of Iron Status Iron studies are a group of tests that are performed in order to evaluate the status of the iron stores as well as the concentration of iron in serum. Tests that are performed when an Iron profile is ordered may include: Serum iron Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) and/or Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity (UIBC) Transferrin Ferritin Transferrin receptor Transferrin Saturation Serum iron is a measure of the amount of iron present in blood and usually does not diminish until iron stores are depleted. It is ordered normally as a follow-up when low levels of haemoglobin and haematocrit are observed on a complete blood count. An increased level of iron can be due to ingestion of iron (e.g. food or medication) or ineffective erythropoiesis. On the other hand low iron levels might be the result of: infection, menstruation, inflammation, malignancy or iron deficiency. Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) is also used to measure the status of iron in blood. It can be either measured or else calculated based on the level of transferrin in the blood. TIBC and serum iron can then be used to calculate percentage transferrin saturation, which is a much better index for iron status than serum iron or TIBC alone, using the flowing calculation: The 26.1 value is used as a constant to convert Transferrin to an equivalent TIBC concentration. UIBC is normally used as an alternative to TIBC. Percentage transferrin saturation (TSAT) is a measurement of the amount of iron which is effectively bound to transferrin, therefore indicting the amount of iron which is available to sustain erythropoiesis. A low TSAT may be indicative of infection, erythropoiesis, inflammation or iron deficiency. Whereas, an elevate value might mean haemochromatosis, liver disease, ineffective erythropoiesis or recent ingestion of dietary iron. Transferrin is the plasma protein responsible for the transport of iron inside the body. It is also habitual to test for transferrin (apart from TIBC or UIBC) as this is a better indicator of the patient’s nutritional status and to some extent an indicator of liver function, since transferrin is produced in the liver. Low levels of transferrin can be observed with liver disease, however transferrin may also drop in malignant tumors and if not enough dietary protein is taken up. On the other hand, high levels can be observed with iron deficiency and during pregnancy. Iron can be stored intracellularly in the form of ferritin. Ferritin is a protein which stores iron in a non-toxic form. It is a sizeable molecule with a core of ferric hydroxide phosphate. It is considered to be the best indicator of iron stores in the body. Low levels of ferritin are normally indicative of iron deficiency or a response to therapy involving erythropoietin, whereas high levels might be due to inflammation, malignancy or infection. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTFR) does not necessarily feature in an iron panel; however it is worth mentioning since it helps distinguishing between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. It is normally ordered in the case that an iron panel does not give enough information to reach a conclusive diagnosis. Usually to evaluate the status of iron stores ferritin is the preferred indicator. However, it is an acute phase reactant, meaning that it can give a falsely elevated value with inflammation or chronic disease. Seeing a, sTFR is not an acute phase reactant, it can be used as an alternative in case chronic disease is suspected.

Compare how visual images are used in Blessing and one other poem Essay

Compare how visual images are used in Blessing and one other poem (Vultures) to highlight political issues. The poet of Blessing Imtiaz Dharker and the poet of Vultures Chinua Achebe both use visual images to highlight the political issues in both poems. However both poems are very different from each other and contrast from of the poets’ views. The poem Blessing is about a water pipe bursting and how that is a blessing, as in the country they live in water is very limited and it doesn’t rain much in the country. The poem Vultures is about the evil of war and how evil always has good and good always has evil. The contrast in the two poems is Blessing is about Poverty and lack of water, whereas Vultures is about war and ethnic dying. In the poem Blessing the poet discusses the theme of third world poverty and the lack of water through using different language feature. For example line one â€Å"The skin cracks like a pod.† Using like in the sentence it shows that the poet is comparing dry skin to a pod, a pod dries out till it crack. There is also onomatopoeia used in this poem, â€Å"sliver crashes to the ground† crash is normally a negative onomatopoeia as the first thing that may come to our head may be car crash; however it is used as a positive as it is used with silver. Silver is a value metal and is precious, this shows how precious the water was to them. In the poem Vultures the poet discusses the theme of war and ethnic dying by using different language features. For example in Vultures the poet has used repetition of death and negative vocabulary a number of different times. â€Å"perching high on broken bone of a dead tree† in the phrase there are tow negative words. These negative words show that the Vul... ...g and Vultures to show the different political issues. In the poem Blessing visual images are portrayed about third world poverty, and in the poem Vultures it more about war a more political issue. Even though poverty is a political issue it could be easily stopped but would take a long time. War alternatively would take a long time and could also easily be. In contrast poverty could only be created by other countries it could also be created by the country it’s self. For example in the poem Vultures the commandment could stop imposing rules for others to follow, this would bring a stop to evil. However gathering the money to bring poverty to end would take a number of months. The in poem Blessing I thought the country may have been living in poverty for a number of years and didn’t have water for a number weeks. This could have lead to a number of deaths.

Artificial Intelligence Essay -- Essays Papers

Artificial Intelligence1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) conjures up visions of robots that can mix dry martinis while beating a grand master at chess; and to some, will one day be able to look, act, think and react just like a real person. I would like to explore the concept of AI as it relates to the business world, and its possible many other applications. I believe that true AI is a dream worth pursuing. Like me, there are many who, just like those of the early 1960’s, thought that putting a man on the moon seemed to be an extremely difficult, but not an impossible task, believing the achievement of true AI to come is just a matter of time. To remain competitive, companies must continue to improve by doing better and doing more; all the while using fewer and fewer resources, especially, manpower. Greater numbers of the world’s companies are turning to systems, which they feel offer the best means of attaining these goals. A group, or suite of tools that can help accomplish this pursuit of doing less with more is generally known as Decision Support Systems. This broad category usually consists of computer software and hardware, which includes Intelligent Decision Support Systems, Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence. Do these systems really provide a valuable contribution to those who use them, and just how much faith can be put into them? Strategic decision making concerns itself with determining where and how to deploy present resources to gain competitive advantages with the expectation of achieving some future reward. This simple, but powerful idea, permeates the planning process of large and small companies. Decisions related to how resources should be deployed consider specific measures necessary to compete effectively and efficiently; while strategic decisions are made with the expectation of improving future corporate profitability. Decision support systems are important additions in developing long term strategic plans, and thus long range profitability measures. Definition ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Before we can explore the possibilities and implications of AI, we must carefully define exactly what attributes make something â€Å"intelligent†. The most common way to define intelligence in through the term â€Å"consciousness†. A term such as this has no fixed definition; rather, it is a family of related concepts that ti... ...u/~grassie/StudentProjects/Debicella.html Guven Guzeldere & Stefano Franchi, mindless mechanisms, mindful construction – an introduction – (4 June 1995),Unided States: shr.stanford.edu/shreview/4-2/text/introduction.html R.L. Hughey, Jr, Expert Systems in Manufacturing, (3 May 1996). Carrollton Ga: www.southwire.com/sw/techlib/ieee0002.htm Henry Linger, Intelligent Decision Support in the Context of the Modern Organisation – (1997), Monash University, Melbourne Australia: inforge.unil.ch/isdss97/papers/84.htm Daniel E. O’Leary, Artificial Intelligence in Business - (17 December 1994). University of Southern Ca: www.bus.orst.edu/faculty/brownc/es_tutor/bus-ai.htm Otis Porter, Dueling Brainscapes in Artificial Intelligence – (1997), Austin Tx: www.businessweek.com/1997/25/b353210.htm Lynda Radosevich, AI Wises Up – Artificial intelligence has made the transistion from fuzzy-headed fad to real-world application – (3 August 1998), United States: www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?/features/980803ai.htm Cosmin Radu, What is an Expert Systems – unknown, United States: www.cs.umr.edu/~caradu/fuzzy/node3.html World Book Encyclopedia, (1999) CD Form.

The 4p’s of Nike Marketing Plan

The 4P’s Of Nike Marketing Plan (i)Product †¢Nike offers a wide range of shoe, apparel and equipment products, all of which are currently its top-selling product categories. †¢Nike started selling sports apparel, athletic bags and accessory items in 1979. Their brand Cole Haan carries a line of dress and casual footwear and accessories for men, women and children. †¢Nike’s foremost focus is athletic footwear and apparels designed for sports and everyday usage with the brand name. †¢The production facilities are located close to the raw material to have low labor prices. New product offerings under the name of brand include sport balls, timepieces, eyewear, skates, bats, and other equipment designed for sports activities. †¢The most famous product categories of Nike includes running, basketball, cross-training, outdoor activities, tennis, golf, soccer, baseball, football, bicycling, volley ball, wrestling, cheerleading, aquatic activities and oth er athletic and recreational use. †¢Moreover, they also utilize the auxiliary bodies to sell te sports related raw materials and products including Cole Haan Holdings, Nike Team Sports, and Bauer Nike Hockey. ii)Price †¢Nike’s pricing is designed to be competitive to the other fashion shoe retailers. The pricing is based on the basis of premium segment as target customers. Nike as a brand commands high premiums. Nike’s pricing strategy makes use of vertical integration in pricing wherein they own participants at differing channel levels or take part in more than one channel level operations. This can control costs and influence product pricing. †¢The company has designed its pricing structure in a way to make it competitive to other shoe sellers. The price of the products is variable depending on the type and the size for example a comfortable and good pair of shoes would cost from 70 to 150 dollars. (iii)Placement †¢Nike shoes are carried by multi- brand stores and the exclusive. †¢Nike has its individual stores and also available at major malls and departmental stores selling shoes all over the globe. †¢They have more than 20000 retailers in United States and also in other 200 countries. †¢The companies also sell its products through individuals, auxilianes and licensees. The company has its own production units, customer services and operational units in all over the world. †¢Nike sells its products through independent distributors, licensees and subsidiaries. Independent distributors need not adapt to local pressures because the 4Ps of marketing are managed by distributors. (iv)Promotion †¢The company has used electronic media (commercials, official website of Nike and newspapers) to promote their brand. †¢Promotion is largely dependent on finding accessible store locations. It also avails of targeted advertising in the newspaper and creating strategic alliances. Many well known athletes have a lso worked for the advertisement of brank like Brazilian Soccer Team. †¢Nike also sponsors events such as Hoop It Up and The Golden West Invitational. Nike’s brand images, the Nike name and the trademark swoosh; make it one of the most recognizable brands in the world. †¢Nike’s brand power is one reason for its high revenues. Nike’s quality products, loyal customer base and its great marketing techniques all contribute to make the shoe empire a huge success. †¢The brands swoosh logo and image played an important role in its advertisement.

Race & Ethnicity: Effects on Life Essay

Ethnicity and race has had a big influence on peoples’ every day life choices. In some way or another, most people will be judged according to their color of their skin or their ethnic background. We live in a society full of different races and cultures affecting the way we interact with each other, as well as influencing our views on equality and differences among the many different races in our society. Often influential media groups and social standards shape our beliefs, also affecting how we interact with cultures different from our own, and how various groups interact with each other. Race and ethnicity may be defined as a type of grouping or classification based on a persons origin of birth and includes their racial appearance, language, religion and culture. Ethnicity can be defined as a social construction that indicates identification with a particular group who share common cultural traits, such as language, religion and traditions. Terms like ethnocentrism, racism, stereotyping, and ethnicity can affect our health status, our economical status, and just basically our status in society. Race defines who we are, and in some cases it is the root of discrimination problems. Individuals dislike other people because they do not like how they are; whether it is physically or the way they think and act. We look at people and experiences through race and culture. I was raised with family that had introverted personalities. This is one of the reasons why my personality is also like that. I grew up recognizing differences in races and ethnicity and it never affected my way of being, I simply saw everyone the same, with the same potential and equal opportunity. I have been taught by the spoken and unspoken ways of my parents, teachers, friends; I have simply grown up recognizing what is wrong and what is right among society. I was born in California but both my parents are Mexican, which makes me Hispanic. My experiences of racial profiling or prejudice due to my ethnic background or my Hispanic look have not been too common or extremely racist. My high school was about 99. 99 percent Hispanic student body, so there was very little if any racial tension among students. It was when we would go out of that part of town that I would actually see racial comments made and shown by others. I was involved in the baseball team and tennis team at my high school, and I would see some sort of labeling or stereotyping aimed at me and my teammates when we would play in other schools with Anglos or Blacks. Since we were one of the poorest schools in the city they would automatically assume we weren’t adequately prepared to be playing a team like them. Their stereotypes of us would make them think that we didn’t speak English and our playing abilities would be very novice since we didn’t have the tools or money to afford good equipment or a coach at a young age. However, I will admit that we would also judge them as being too cocky, and with the conventional ‘white people’ stereotypes. Though most of the time we were right because these were rich kids with almost everything handed to them. Being in the minority has its disadvantages, but people, specifically students can be smart and use those stereotypes to their advantage. I honestly never paid attention to my lack of resources, instead I knew that if I wanted something I was going to try and get it. A big misconception that surrounded our school or the part of town that I lived in was that we were not going to make it to college, in fact, we would be lucky if we actually graduated from high school. The name of our high school was very much and icon or a symbol. I knew some friends that wouldn’t give out the name of our school because they were afraid of being labeled a â€Å"loser† in some way. Basically, going to my school meant that we were low IQ destined to work at low paying jobs, simply because many were Mexican immigrants or first generation American born. For our advantage, now a day being in the minority can actually help you enroll into colleges of your choice and get scholarships to help pay for college. Perceptions play a great roll on judging others; many times it is influenced by race and ethnicity. It is clear to me that if lived in a more diverse part of the city; my experiences would be the very different. As society grows more with different cultures, races and ethnics, tension grows and people start disliking others ways of being that are not like theirs. But it is important to understand that it is not healthy to have prejudice feelings towards others, it only makes one bitter.

Fun Time

http://www. ehow. com/facts_5788552_benefits-open-campus-lunch_. html Budget * If students are allowed to leave campus and their parents' homes are nearby, students can save money on lunch and eat from home. Social Contact * Students may spend time with others who they may not see if the lunch was confined to on campus. Students can go out and eat with friends. Outside * If it's a great day outside, students can eat outdoors and enjoy the sun for a half-hour or so. This could lead to a fresh burst of energy and creativity.Independence * Open campus lunch allows the students to leave the premise of the school. This grants the student freedom to eat where he wants. Physical Activity * When students are allowed to leave campus, they can get out and stretch their legs a little more than if they were confined to a lunch room. http://www. masters. edu/undergrad/student-perspective/offcampuseats. aspx Line too long in the cafeteria and not a lot of change in your wallet? In need of a good q uick fix?There are several places in Santa Clarita that can satisfy your food cravings at an affordable price of $10 and under. Egg Plantation, Urbane Cafe, Chronic Tacos, La Cocina, Qdoba Mexican Grill, Corner Bakery, El Taco Llama, Saugus Cafe and Panera Bread are just a few of the delicious options to choose from. It all just depends on what type of food you are in the mood for. Don‘t know where they are located? Simply go to Yelp, Map Quest, or Google Maps and enter the destination. Here are a few off-campus favorites to whet your appetite: Breakfast ?Breakfast is offered at Egg Plantation, Corner Bakery, and Panera Bread. All have price ranges between $6-$10. These bakery cafes also offer a comfortable, friendly, fashionable place to study or hang out with friends. Egg Plantation in Newhall is home of 101 delicious omelets. Panera Bread and Corner Bakery not only offer breakfast, lunch, and dinner but free wire-less Internet as well. Way Station Coffee Shop and Eggs N Thi ngs are some mom and pop cafes that offer a wide variety of delectable breakfasts. Lunch/Dinner ? In the mood for Mexican food?Chronic Tacos (breakfast available), El Taco Llama, Qdoba Mexican Grill, and La Cocina Restaurant have good tasting lunch and dinner dishes that range anywhere from $5-10. The great thing about Qdoba is if you bring in a student ID then you are qualified for a free drink with your meal. Talk about a deal. Urbane Cafe is an excellent lunch or dinner stop that offer‘s some of the best sandwiches in Santa Clarita. Not only do you get a sandwich but a salad as well, both for $7. Just take a pick from their wide selection of sandwiches, soups, and salads. 4-Hour-Breakfast/Lunch/Dinner? If it is late and you are getting the munchies The Saugus Cafe is open 24 hours (Wednesday to Friday) with breakfast, lunch, and dinner all located within minutes from campus. Good service, friendly staff, a nice atmosphere, and affordable prices. That‘s what they all h ave in common. Just grab a friend and enjoy your meal. http://www. thetitanchronicle. com/editorials/2011/03/31/off-campus-lunches/ What if upperclassmen could have lunch off campus? That would be great news to 11th and 12th graders.It would mean upper-classmen would no longer be cooped up in school all-day; after all, this isn’t elementary school. We are young adults capable of handling the responsibility of leaving school. Set the bar high administrators, and if students decide not to come back, then consequences should be handed out. For example, if a student doesn’t come back to school, they would face suspension. Consider the age difference between the lower-class and the upper-class. Since the 11th graders and 12th graders have reached a certain level of maturity, they can handle eating lunch off campus.Upperclassmen are basically young adults and should continue to experience increased responsibilities so that they can become more productive members of our commu nity. Not everyone should enjoy off campus lunch; only students with good grades. Not only should upper-classmen have good grades, they should also have a good reputation with all administrators. Students allowed the privilege of eating off campus must be doing well in school. Just like in sports, if you have two failing grades you can’t play, well, if you have two failing grades, you can’t eat out off school grounds.School comes first for every student and needing to do well in order to eat off campus could influence some low achieving students to do better in class. There also should be record on who goes in and out of school, since keeping track of students who leave school grounds is a concern. The remedy is to have a sign in sheet. If students did not sign in and out, then suspension or other consequences would be doled out. The object is not to give students a chance to have extra free time or skip classes but to have them do something different and enjoy their s chool lunch at the same time.

Hamlet - Deliverer of Denmark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hamlet - Deliverer of Denmark - Essay Example So who is really the hero and who is the villain in this play? This is the indeterminacy that one faces with in this play. The Ghost in the play causes Hamlet a great deal of problem and difficulty. If he is coming from the purgatory, why is he shrieking for retribution? Why does his speech sound as if it is coming from hell? No one knows the answer because no one knows Hamlet’s father except through his own eyes. On the contrary Claudius is a strong and healthy man. There is absolutely nothing wrong with Claudius – the King. His people have no problems with him and he seems to be conducting the affairs of the state with competence. His wife is happy with him and so are his courtiers. There is absolutely no one theme that can be called the central theme of the play and thus, as many as possible interpretations and themes can be derived from it, each proving itself to be as important as the other. Moreover, the elimination of a single theme from under the classification of ‘major themes’; results in the complete avoidance of an important aspect of the play. Hamlet is a tragedy of imagination and thus it is in clear opposition of the classical ideal of a tragedy. It is a tragedy of character rather than a tragedy of plot, which according to the classics was the most important part of a tragedy. This paper is going to explore the possibilities of Hamlet taking an early action in the play and is going to be based on pure assumption of the aftermath. In the very first instance when Hamlet loses his normalcy and confronts his uncle, who is now the King, is after he has witnessed the ghost. Hence, towards the end of act I, he is in dilemma. He has learnt not only about his father’s murder but also of the possible adultery of his mother. He absorbs this fact within himself, hiding it from even Horatio. He starts to play the madman. Hamlet could have entered the very first scene with a dagger in his hand directed towards Claudius. Had t hat been the case, the play could have taken a totally new interpretation of the character. He would have been accused of murder and thrown out of Denmark. But instead he internalizes his feelings and vents them in the form of soliloquy: Let me not think on't,--Frailty, thy name is woman!-- A little month; or ere those shoes were old With which she followed my poor father's body Like Niobe, all tears;--why she, even she,-- O God! a beast that wants discourse of reason, Would have mourn'd longer,--married with mine uncle, My father's brother; but no more like my father Than I to Hercules: within a month; (I.i) After witnessing the ghost and convincing himself that his uncle was involved in the murder based on his prior suspicion, he starts his quest to murder his uncle. Hamlet’s hamartia or the tragic flaw lies in his secrecy. He continues to carry out his plan without sharing it with his dearest friend. This is what causes the delay. At the end of act III scene iii, Hamlet ha s a perfect chance to kill his uncle, but there is a problem; Claudius is praying. Hamlet is afraid that if he attempts to kill him at this point in time, he would rather send him to heaven! He believes that killing him now would be "hire and salary, not revenge!" When Hamlet confronts his mother in her bedroom, where Polonius is hiding behind the tapestry, Hamlet wishes that it was Claudius in his place. Had it been the case, he could have been spared the guilt of

What is the role of social media in the field of journalism-LITERATURE Term Paper

What is the role of social media in the field of journalism-LITERATURE REVIEW - Term Paper Example acquire more traffic especially from the young generation, media corporations have also followed their consumers onto online space by creating social media sites. Apart from generating traffic, media corporations have also embraced social media forms of journalism in a move to be at par with competitors (Kerrigan & Graham, 2010). Apart examining values of journalism, the study will also analyze its contribution to the online community. In the current generation, it would be quite unfortunate for journalism corporations not to embrace the rapidly growing technology, especially in social media. This is due to the fact that social media is of great importance to the journalism network. Embracing social media is no longer an option since it is one of those things that are a â€Å"must have† for all journalists. Unlike previous generations, the current one is quite literate and normally spends most of the time seeking information on the internet; this is clear indication that it is rare for them to get information from hard copy materials such as books, magazines and newspapers. Because of this, journalists ought to change the ways in which they relay information to the public. Since most people depend on social media for information, journalists have no option but embrace them too. Studies so far conducted show that apart from Facebook, other common social media platforms include twitter, LinkedIn and MySpace ( Oh, Agrawal & Rao, 2013). The 21st generation is quite inquisitive to the extent that it is not possible for them to wait until the next day so that they can read about a trending story. To them this is a long time for a generation normally yearning for information. Therefore, by embracing social media, journalists are in a position to post up to date information on what is trending not only in the US but also globally. By doing so, people will become interested with journalists and media corporations that post instant news hence resulting to traffic that is

Ratio Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ratio Analysis - Case Study Example This paper will shed light upon the financial ratios of Apple, how the company will fare in the future will also be comprehensively analyzed. ROI stands for return on investment, Apple’s ROI matches DELL which is great news for the company, return on investment goes to show that the products have been selling very well in the market. The sales growth of Apple has also seen a significant rise in the last quarter, all these are indicators that the company is performing very well. Steve Jobs, the CEO of Apple has been coming up with strategies to promote the products, even though he has had severe health issues, he has been very successful in building the brand name of Apple. Apple has also managed to diversify which is again very good for the business, the company is not dependent on only one product but they have a plethora of products which can be relied upon, this has reduced the risk for the company. Apple operates on a much higher gross margin than other companies, Gross ma rgin of 29.02% is the margin that the company operates at, this goes to show that the company has adopted a higher selling price mix. Products like iMac and Ipads have really given Apple an edge and this is why the company can afford to set higher prices for their products. Apple spends 3.8% on research which is very good for the company, perhaps this percentage can be improved so that they can find new and better products. The operating expenses are about 13.38% which goes to show that the company is very stable and investors can invest in this company. The working capital of the company is very healthy; it is again because of the profits. The current ratio of the company stands at 2.96 (Million) which means the company can easily pay off short term debt not once, not twice but thrice. This is a very strong position to be in; Apple has no need to take loans because it can easily pay off debt. Acid-test ratio goes to show how quickly assets can be converted into liquid cash, Apple h as an edge once again and this is hardly surprising. The acid-ratio of the company stands at 2.63 which signify the operating efficiencies of the company give it a huge edge over other companies. Assets turnover ratio stands at 1.42, this means the sales of the company has been picking up, and this ratio is derived by dividing the sales by assets. The ratio is also an indicator of how assets are used to generate profits. Apple has been doing it very successfully thus far. â€Å"This tells us something about Apple’s pricing strategy. The Profit Margin for a product is the net of sales deduct the cost of goods sold. Therefore, Apple has higher pricing charged to its products offering as compared to that of Dell’s, even though Dell’s Inventory Turnover Ratio is much higher in this case. But looking at Dell’s turnover ratio on Net Sales; it is close to that of Cost of Goods Sold, therefore this also explained that Dell has lower pricing charged to its produc ts offerings.† (Inventory Turnover Ratio) Debt ratio of the company stands at 0.35 which means that there are still some debts which should be cleared; this is not a problem especially when the company is performing so well in the market. The company can easily clear this debt off whenever they want to, this is not an issue for them. The debt/equity ratio of the company is extremely healthy, it stands at 0.55, this goes to show that the equity has been well managed to pay off short term